The Effects of Self Efficacy and Collective Efficacy on Preventions Behavior of Community with Hypertention in Kupang City East Nusatenggara Province

Abstract

Background. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007 showed that the prevalence of  hypertension in the population of Indonesia is about 30.3%. While in East Nusa Tenggara, The prevalence of Hypertension is still higher than national Standard; it is about 38%. An initial study conducted in several community groups in Kupang, 2010 revealed that the prevalence of Hypertension among communities was 40%. Moreover the study found out that the cases were mostly influenced by the lack of understandings in terms of preventions behavior of Hypertension. Unfavorable behavior reached 72% among those with hypertension and poor behavior in people who are not diagnosed by Hypertension (48%). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-efficacy and collective-efficacy on preventions Behavior of Community with Hypertension. Methods. The observational analytic within case control design is used to study the variables with a convenience sample of 180 people with hypertension. The analysis technique used is based Smart Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS).Results. The study also showed that the self-efficacy’s people in Kupang are high. The results showed 32.8% of respondents have good perception of self-experience. Based on Hypertension status, self-experience was 27.8% in people with hypertension and 37.8% in people who are not diagnosed by hypertension is categorized as good. Other people's experiences, about 38.9% are good category. While based on hypertension status, other people’s experience who are diagnosed and are not diagnosed by hypertension is mostly categorized in good and very good, 30% and 47,8% successively. While for verbal persuasion, 26.1% of them are good category. For those with Hypertension, 30.0% have good verbal persuasion and 34.4% of those without hypertension have excellent verbal persuasion. For Emotional state variable; 43.3% respondents have good perception in terms of emotional state. Community perception about self-regulation or self-management ability from external factors is counted at 23.9% unfavorable category. Moreover, 25,6% Hypertension people’s self-management ability is bad category, while people without hypertension is counted at 25,6% regarding good enough self-management. The Internal factors, 28,9% are pretty good.  Behavior prevention practiced by people in Kupang City consists of weight control, diet, exercise/ sports, restrict smoking habits and doing leisure activities and hobbies. The results showed that 31,2 % people always doing such activity to control their weight. While, 33,3 %  people who have already experienced Hypertension, does not do sufficient exercise, and 30% people without hypertension are always doing exercise. The study showed that the self efficacy has a significant effect on self-regulation, with a path coefficient of 0,276 and T-Statistic value of 3,108. Collective efficacy also has a positive and significant impact to self-regulation, with a path coefficient of 0,275 and a value of 12,289 T-Statistic. On the other hand self-regulation has a positive effect on behavior prevention, with a path coefficient of 0,887 and T-Statistic value of 41,962. Hypertension prevention behaviors have positive and significant effect on hypertension, with a marked positive path coefficient of 0,955 with T-Statistic value of 422,475. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and collective efficacy directly affects self-regulation, and then influence the hypertension prevention behavior. It is therefore suggested to create health policy regarding health promotion to communities.

Keywords: Self-efficacy, Collective efficacy, prevention behavior, hypertension