RISK FACTORS OF HUMAN RABIES IN SOUTH ASIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background

Rabies as a zoonotic viral disease is one of the neglected tropical diseases with high incidence among the poorest communities of least developed and developing countries of Africa and Asia.

Aim

This study aims to investigate the risk factors of human rabies in south Asia, with focus on Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.

Method

A systematic review approach was adopted, which included studies that identified the risk factors of human rabies in the three south Asian countries from 2007 to 2016. Electronic databases searched include PsycINFO, PubMed Central [PMC] and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL]. Appropriate data screening was carried out to extract relevant articles. Finally, the articles were quality appraised and synthesized with a narrative synthesis approach.

Result

Eight relevant studies were finally identified, with either moderate or high quality. The studies identified one or more risk factors of human rabies. The findings include; animal bite mostly from certain stray animals (dog, cat, monkey and rat). Secondly, poor knowledge/awareness of the people about human rabies, thus people were ignorant of the need to seek for immediate treatment following animal bites. Thirdly, poor traditional/cultural practices following bites from infected animals. Fourthly, socioeconomic factors and finally, poor use of preventive measures against rabies.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, it is concluded that most of the factors predisposing to rabies infection in south Asia are preventable, hence; Government authorities, non-governmental organizations and philanthropists should be more committed toward increasing awareness about the consequences of the infection as well as providing free and accessible treatments across each country.

Keywords: risk, factors, rabies, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan