In Vitro Activity of Xylopia Aethiopica Extracts Against Monacrosporium Bembicodes Isolated from Powdered Soyabean Samples

Abstract

Several incidences of antimycotic resistant have been reported and traced from the consumption of contaminated foods and their products. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Xylopia aethiopica on Monocrosporium bembicoides isolated from powdered Soyabean samples. A total of 120 powderd Soya bean sample were collected randomly from Uli community, Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State and screened for the presence of Monocrosporium bembicoides using spread plate technique. The isolates were subcultured and characterized using their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The seeds of Xylopia aethiopica was collected and screened for phytochemical constituents using spectrophotometer and gravimetric methods. The antifungal activity of the extract was carried out using agar well diffution technique. Tube dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Xylopia aethiopica seed extract. A total of 24 powdered Soyabean samples out of 120 samples were positive to Monocrosporium bembicoides, of which the organism was seen most in samples collected from location C (Eke Agbagba market). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids and saponins. The extracts showed pronounced activity against the tested Monocrosporium bembicoides of which ethanolic extract significantly (p< 0.05) inhibited the organisms more than the aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extract and ketoconazole had similar MIC and MFC. This study has shown the occurrence of Monocrosporium bembicoides in the studied powdered Soyabean samples, and Xylopia aethiopica seed extracts showed pronounced activity against the organism, of which ethanolic extract was more pronounced.

Keywords: Monocrosporium bembicoides, Xylopia aethiopica, Soyabean,Phytochemical, Antifungal Activity