FREQUENCY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING CALCIUM SCORING BY 640 SLICE CT

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is the narrowing of coronary arteries which is usually caused by the atherosclerosis that leads to restriction of blood flow to the heart muscles. Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque or deposition of fats on the inner walls of arteries and is calculated by calcium scoring. Calcium scoring is a test to assess the presence and degree of plaque in the coronary arteries. Objective: To find the frequency of coronary artery disease using calcium scoring by 640 slice CT.   Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. 155 participants including 117 (75.5%) males and 38 (24.5%) females were selected through convenient sampling technique. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Analysis of data showed that out of 155 patients, 54 (34%) patients had no lesion and 101 (65.2%) had CAD. Only 2 patients had 5 lesions. Out of 117 males, 38 had no plaque and 40 males had moderate plaque in coronary arteries. Out of 38 females, 16 female patients had no plaque, 5 female patients had moderate plaque. 99 (63.9%)  patients were non-smokers, out of them, 46 patients had no plaque and 17 patients had moderate plaque. 56 (36.1%) patients were smokers, out of these 8 had no plaque and 28 patients had moderate plaque. In total 103 (66.5%) patients who were hypertensive, 28 patients had no plaque, 36 had moderate plaque. Out of 52 (33.5%) patients who were without hypertension, 26 patients had no plaque, 36 patients had moderate plaque. Out of 155, 94 (60.6%) patients had diabetes, out of these 27 patients had no plaque, 32 patients had moderate plaque. Of 61 (39.4%) patients with diabetes, 27 had no plaque, 13 were with moderate plaque. 52 patients who were between the age of 26-35 years, 18 patients had no plaque, 14 patients had moderate plaque and of 8 patients between the age of 66-75 years, 3 had moderate plaque. Conclusions: In our sample the ratio of males was greater than females. In males, moderate plaques are most common and most of the females are those with no plaque. 54 % patients have no plaque and only 3 patients have minimal plaque. Smokers were least affected. It is concluded that hypertension affects the population more than any other risk factor. From our study it is also concluded that the people within the age range of 26 to 35 years are most likely to develop CAD

Key words: Computed Tomography, Calcium Scoring, Coronary Artery Disease

DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-13

Publication date: February 29^th 2020