Analysis of Students’ Difficulties in Solving Probability Questions: The Case of Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination in Tanzania

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the performance of students in Mathematics, specifically focusing on their ability to solve probability-related questions within the context of the Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) in Tanzania. Our objective was to identify and highlight the challenges encountered by students when tackling probability problems. Our analysis revealed that a significant number of candidates faced difficulties in correctly solving probability-related questions. The reasons behind these difficulties are multifaceted. They may stem from failure to understand the concepts of probability distributions, especially Binomial and Poison distributions, and the inability to apply the techniques of probability, the inherent complexity of probability tasks, and a tendency to apply generalized problem-solving methods even when they are not suitable for probability questions. To address these challenges effectively, we recommend conducting a protocol analysis to gain deeper insights into the cognitive processes of students when attempting probability questions. By understanding the underlying reasoning and thought processes, teachers can tailor their instructional approaches to better assist students in comprehending and solving probability problems. This tailored approach can facilitate more meaningful learning experiences for students, ultimately improving their performance in probability and mathematics as a whole. The findings of this analysis have the potential to inform educational policies and instructional practices aimed at improving students' performance in probability-related questions in the ACSEE and beyond. By addressing students' difficulties comprehensively and equipping them with the necessary skills and conceptual understanding, we can foster a generation of mathematically literate individuals capable of confidently navigating probabilistic scenarios in various contexts.

Keywords: Probability, ACSEE, Secondary Education, Probability distributions.

DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/15-1-01

Publication date: February 28^th 2025