Meta-analysis of Cybersecurity Threats and Vulnerabilities among Nursing Training Students in Ghana

Abstract

This meta-analysis examines cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities facing nursing students in Ghanaian training institutions, a critical concern given the increasing reliance on digital technologies in healthcare education and practice. Synthesizing findings from studies conducted between 2004 and 2024, this research reveals significant gaps in cybersecurity awareness, preparedness, and institutional safeguards. Results indicate that phishing is the most prevalent threat, followed by malware and ransomware, exacerbated by the widespread use of personal devices with inadequate security measures. A notable lack of formal cybersecurity training in curricula and an over-reliance on informal awareness channels contribute to student vulnerability. Institutional cybersecurity infrastructure is often limited, with basic protections like firewalls more common than advanced measures such as data encryption and structured training programs. The findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive, multi-faceted interventions including curriculum reform, enhanced institutional infrastructure, and policy development to protect both academic integrity and the future security of Ghana's healthcare system.  Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial to ensure that future healthcare professionals are equipped to navigate an increasingly digitized environment securely and responsibly.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, Threat and Vulnerabilities, Nursing Training Students

DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/15-2-05

Publication date: July 28^th 2025