Threats of Climate Change and Its Possible Solutions Through Utilization of Potential Microbes on Crop Production

Abstract

The emission of green house gas in the globe contributes for the occurrence of climate change through changes in temperature, rain fall and climate extremes. Many changes involve microbes that contribute to or amplify human impacts. Since the basic chemistry of Earth’s surface is determined by biological activity-especially that of microbes we must look to studies of microbiology to help us understand how and why the Earth is changing and to find solutions for such undesirable changes. Many of related literatures highly indicates climate change threats projected a 50% global temperature increment, yield reduction showing drop of up to 50% from 2050 to 2100. The predicted changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and CO₂ concentrations in the future could significantly impact the fluxes of soil mineral N and N leaching and also consequences of increases in soil salinity and a decrease in the depth of the water table. Literatures also indicate with the change in climate, the insects, pests and diseases are expected to expand their range and may find new and more vulnerable hosts. However different artificial measures were applied for ultimate goal of maximizing productivity and economic returns, an intimate role of microbes for green house reduction, sustainable soil fertility improvement, control of weeds, pest and plant diseases were reported. The reports indicated that a potential microbe called Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus remove about 10 billion tons of carbon from the air each year, a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis spores as a pesticide, B. thuringiensis accounts for over 90 per cent of the total share of today's bio insecticide market and diazotroph bacteria (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Frankia)   through symbiotic association accounted 79% atmospheric N fixation and showed an efficacy as potent plant growth promoters. The cumulative summary of many literatures ensures the capability of replacing artificial measures with biological control measures for climate change threats.

Keywords: Greenhouse gases; Bio control; Climate change; Microorganisms

DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-19-05

Publication date:October 31^st 2019