The Agricultural Water Pollution and Its Minimization Strategies – A Review

Abstract

Water is considered the most critical resource for sustainable development in the World. It is essential not just for agriculture, industry and economic process, but it's also the foremost important component of the environment, with a big impact on health and nature conservation. Water pollution in agriculture is recognized worldwide. However, unlike point sources, the experience worldwide is that non-point source (NPS) pollution is difficult to manage effectively due to its inherently diffuse nature. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to get rid of harmful compounds. Two sorts of water subject to pollution are Surface-water - rivers, lakes, oceans (Uses: drinking, recreational (fishing, boating, swimming, irrigation). Groundwater- occurs beneath a water level in soils or rocks; subject to pollution from toxic chemicals (Uses: drinking, irrigation, etc). Groundwater is being polluted mainly by nitrates. In all country’s groundwater is an important source of drinking water. In several areas, the groundwater is polluted to an extent that it is no longer fit to be used as drinking water according to present standards. The economic value of changes in water quality is an important component of the economic assessment of policies to reduce pollution from agricultural production. Many Farmers can take many steps to scale back the loadings of agricultural pollutants to water resources. This study found that both structural and management practices are available for managing water and chemical inputs more efficiently or controlling runoff to attenuate irrigation water pollutions. Those practices include efficient irrigation water management, integrated pest management, comprehensive nutrient management planning, animal waste management, conservation agriculture and industrial waste, sewage and stormwater pretreatment.

Keywords: - Water, Water pollution, Pollution types, Water quality, and minimization Measures

DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/64-02

Publication date: April 30^th 2020