Different Economic Variables Association with Women as Compensation in Pukhthun Culture in District Swat

Abstract

The present study was carried out in district Swat since 2015 and the major objective was to analyze different economic variables association with women as compensation in pukhthun culture in the study area. On the basis of more cases four union councils namely Proper Kalam, Othrore of Kalam and Chupreyal, Bartana Matta were selected for the study. Parents, brother or blood relatives of Swara and Swara women were used as respondents of this study. A sample size of 205 respondents out of 369 were randomly selected and subsequently proportionally allocated to the whole universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprised of one independent and one dependent variables with education, family type and income as controlled variables was chalked out. The collected data was analyzed through simple frequency distribution, bi-variate and multi-variate to assess the layout, level of association and effects of extraneous variables while ascertaining the level of relationship between independent and dependent variables respectively. Moreover, reliability analysis was carried out and reliability coefficient was declared as 0.74. The study found that Most women felt victims to this practice although incidents of giving land and paying of cash was found but with little encouragement. At Bi-variate level, association of dispute resolution no money leads to Swara practice and low income were observed. While indexing independent and dependent variables all economic variables were found positive and significant with women as compensation practices. The study results further explained that economic status of the respondents play key role in the multiplication of sawara in the study area. They told that economically if a person is weak and poor then they will ready to sawara as compensation while education, family type, illiteracy and knowledge about law are also the factors which positively or negatively affect the sawara multiplication in the study area. On the basis of study finding the study recommend that to improve economic status of study area through education, availability of employments and developed practices of agriculture because majority population depend on agriculture. Tourism industry also play key role in the development of study area because the environment is very favorable in the season of summer so it is necessary for the government to enhance tourism industry for providing jobs in the study area. Through this way their income will be pushed and education will be multiplied and fighting will be controlled and the chances of sawara will be decreased and sometime money will be provided as compensation to the opposite party.

Keywords:Economic Variables, Association, Women Compensation, District Sawat