Class Conflict and the Development of the Niger Delta

Abstract

The Niger Delta, a region of significant economic importance to Nigeria, has recently become a focal point for research due to its complex ethno-political agitations and conflicts. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on deradicalizing the region and fostering equitable economic opportunities for its marginalized populations. This study examines the persistent demand for genuine development in the Niger Delta as a manifestation of class conflict, opposing the "policies of underdevelopment" orchestrated by a privileged few in collaboration with the petty bourgeoisie. This struggle has historically generated an antagonistic relationship between these two classes. Viewing the ongoing pursuit of a new social order based on equality, justice, and fairness as a form of class conflict, this paper posits that class consciousness in the Niger Delta is deeply rooted in the region's history, evident in early resistance against European incursion. While its expression has evolved through different phases of development, this conflict is fundamentally a product of profound discontent stemming from the misapplication of state resources derived from the area for the exclusive benefit of a select few. The research finds that class conflict has, paradoxically, spurred some reform measures, often enacted to prevent "class suicide" and maintain structural inequality. However, these reforms are frequently re-purposed as tools for further exploitation and domination of the poor. Adopting conflict theory as its theoretical framework, this study employs documentary evidence and observational analysis of major events as its primary methods of data collection. The paper recommends massive and aggressive socialization to strengthen the mobilization capacity of the marginalized in the Niger Delta.

KEY WORDS: Class, Conflict, Development, State and Class Conflict.

DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/15-6-06

Publication date: July 28^th 2025