Impact of Environmental Change on Agriculture Production and Groundwater Depletion: Adaptation Strategies in Response to Farmers in Maharashtra

Abstract

Agriculture is the sector most vulnerable to climate change due to its high dependence on climate and weather and because farmer and rural people involved in agriculture. Close relationship between Environmental Change and Agriculture production, both of which take place on a worldwide scale. The Maharashtra agriculture sector is already facing many problems relating to sustainability. Occurrence and intensity of drought have increased over the years in Maharashtra. Drought is a major challenge in Maharashtra Agriculture (e.g., rainfed cropping and livestock) is the major income activity of over 60% of the state's population. The impact of a changing climate will affect not only bulk water availability, but also worsen the extremes of drought Groundwater depletion can lead to a significant reduction in agricultural production. Groundwater depletion can have implications for human being as this can increase the cost of production of the farmers.Groundwater over-exploitation problems because growing water crisis facing of farmer in Maharashtra. Examine that if productivity of water is to be enhanced on a sustainable basis through technological interventions. We argue integrated water management for sustainable management of groundwater resources and improving the livelihoods of the farmer communities in Maharashtra, sustainable enhancements in the economic efficiency of water use in agriculture based on water-saving technologies that are adaptable strategy in the state. Farmers deliberately adapting to climate change are innovative and independent of government support. Rainwater -harvesting techniques are the most popular risk management and adaptation strategy used sustained. We Examines this study indicate that government policies must be informed and guided by the risks and opportunities faced by farmers.The objective of this paper is to identify climate change related threats and vulnerabilities associated with agriculture as a sector and farmers' livelihoods (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity of farmers). The paper analyses the connections between the nature of human action as drivers of threats as well as opportunities for sustainable agriculture and better human well being outcomes. Also, it examines the impact of climate change on rural livelihoods, agriculture production. It will discuss the ground water depletion options for adaptation strategy and mitigation of these measures. It shows linkages between Environmental Change and Agriculture production using Granger Causality test.

Keywords: Environmental change, Water, Agriculture production, Adaptation, Granger Causality test.

JEL Code: Q22, P28, C11, Q540, Q560.