Interogating Women’s Participation in Parliament through the Quota System in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This paper is a systematic review of literature on the implementation of quota systems by the Sub Saharan African Governments. The literature reviewed is from global, regional and national documents explaining the adoption, implementation and the outcomes of the quota system as a mechanism for creating space for women in politics. The paper discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks underpinning the understanding and appreciation of the quota system. Armatya Sen’s capabilities approach is analyzed in an effort to evaluate factors that contribute towards the effectiveness of the quota system. Taking cognizance of the fact that there is no perfect approach, the paper also highlights the shortcomings of the approach. Themes that emerge from related literature that pertains to women’s political participation and their effectiveness is also discussed in this paper. These themes are of importance in this current research because they provide grounded information about context as well as female political actors’ lived experiences. For easier referencing the reviewed literature is structured in the following manner: theoretical framework; conceptualization of political participation; historical overview of the quota system; and the mechanisms and strategies adopted by various states and governments to improve the effectiveness of female political actors. The paper ends with a summary of the discussion.

Keywords: women, quota system, politics, parliament, sub-Saharan Africa.