Implementation of Kampung Sanitasi Program in Surakarta: Study of Implementation Process Based on the Theory of Nakamura and Smallwood

Abstract

Sanitation access service is supporting people's lives in order to be in a healthy environment. Inadequacy of good  sanitation affects in the degree of public health or known by poor sanitation. So, it is important to creates sanitation improvement effort on an ongoing basis. This study aims to analyze implementation process of the Kampung Sanitasi Program as an attempt to address the issue of bad sanitation that occurred in Surakarta city and this policy is cooperation between the Government of Surakarta city and international donor agency. The existence of the network in the implementation process will bring up the various dynamics that can occur in the implementation environment, although the policy can be successfully implemented. As a result, the Kampung Sanitasi Program in the implementation process is made through five stages, namely interpretation of policy objectives, bargaining between the policy makers and implementers, agreement of purpose, allocation of resources and application. Actors that involved in the process are vary, not only from the government but there are also international donor agency, non-governmental organization (NGOs) and communities play in the implementation arena. So, on the process gave rise to various issues from interactions between actors in implementation arena that are the implementers not from government, the existence of a conflict with community, emerged of mass media and its prominent party outside government on the implementation process.

Keywords: Sanitation, Kampung Sanitasi Program, Implementation Process