Determination of Phenol Content of Liquid Smoke of Palm Oil Shell: Characterizations by using of Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectra and Fourier Transformed Infra Red

Abstract

The determination of phenol content of liquid smoke of palm oil shell has been carried out by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra and Fourier Transformed Infrared. Pyrolisis was performed in the furnice that covered by white cement with a temperature of 500^oC, 700^oC, and 900^oC, without and with nitrogen gas inlet with velocity flow of 10 mL/sec. The obtanined liquid smoke of palm oil shell cured for 7 days and then centrifuged at 3800 rpm for 60 minutes. The filtrate was distilled at a temperature of 125^oC for 60 minutes. Redestilated liquid smoke analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra to determine the levels of phenol content. Based on the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra chromatogram, liquid smoke produced in free air pyrolysis at temperature 500?C, 700^oC, 900^oC containing phenol 35.09%; 27.92% and 14.49%, respectively, and in the air controlled pyrolysis were 7.86%; 9.25%, and 22.28%, respectively. FT-IR spectra of all liquid smoke product confirmed the presences of phenol functional groups.

Keywords: phenol, liquid smoke,  palm oil shell, gas chromatography