Smoking Behavior on Public and Vocational High School Students in Indonesia: Modified Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract

This study examines attitudes towards smoking, peer reference, self-efficacy towards smoking behavior with the intention of smoking as an intervening variable, and academic achievement as a moderating variable in public and vocational high school students in Indonesia. The analysis of data used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results show a person who has high academic achievement, the attitude towards smoking does not affect smoking intention. Peer reference does not affect smoking intention, self-efficacy influences smoking intention and attitude towards smoking does not affect smoking behavior. Peer reference does not affect smoking behavior, self-efficacy does not affect smoking behavior and smoking intention affects smoking behavior. Attitude towards smoking and peer reference respectively have no effect on smoking intention. Likewise, the attitude towards smoking, peer reference, and self-efficacy have no effect on smoking behavior. The academic achievement is a moderating variable that weakens both indirect and  total effect between self-efficacy and smoking behavior through smoking intentions. In other words, the academic achievement can weaken intention to smoke.  Academic achievement is a moderating variable that weakens the influence of the attitude, smoking, peer reference and self-efficacy on smoking behavior mediated by intention.

Keywords: Attitudes towards smoking, peer reference, self-efficacy, smoking intentions, smoking behavior, and academic achievement.

DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-27-02

Publication date:September 30^th 2019