Technology Enhancement Productivity Degraded Dryland through Quality Improvement Compost and Biochar with Indicators Productivity of Crop Soybean

Abstract

The aim of research to know whether there is interaction of types compost rice straw or  cow dung and dosage  biochar of rice straw and cow dung to changes in chemical properties and physical  soil, plant height and yield of soybeans in dryland degraded.The research was done on dryland Alfisols Bangkalan Madura, which a area  76% of the dry land area in Bangkalan (126 506 hectares) and 73% of large standard dry land in Madura, from 2011 until 2012.Research methods. The research design used a split plot design arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Factor I (main plot) types of compost 3 levels (O₀: no composting , O₁:compost of  rice straw  10 tonnes / hectare, O₂: compost of cow dung  10 tonnes / hectare) and factor II (sub plot) 5 biochar dose levels (B₀: without biochar, B₁:biochar of  rice straw  2 tonnes / hectare, B₂: biochar of rice straw  4 tons / hectare, B₃:  biochar of cow dung 2 tonnes / hectare, and B₄: biochar of cow dung 4 tonnes / hectare. Soybean plants are used as an indicator in the study. Observations were made two weeks after planting (2 WAP) and two weeks after harvest (2 WAH).The results of the research: Two weeks after planting (2 WAP), the highest  C organic soil on combination O₂B₄ (composted cow dung 10 tonnes/hectare and cow dung biochar 4 tonnes/hectare) is 3.354% (high), an increase of 246%. While at 2 WAH C organic  soil 2.864% (high enough) an increase 195%. With the increase in soil carbon deposits 195% in two weeks after this harvest, dry land was originally relegated primarily soil organic C were very low (˂ 1%), soybeans can be planted at least 5 times a season. Besides increasing the productivity of land, a combination of compost 10 toness/hectare (both rice straw compost and cow manure compost) and dose biochar 4 tonnes/hectare (both biochar and biochar rice straw manure) can increase the productivity of soybean plants (2.259 to 2.298) ton/acres, and the results showed an increase in production compared to the average production of local farmers Madura (1.25 tonnes / ha), east Java province (1,342 tons / hectare) and the national average production (1,357 tons / ha) in 2010, resulting in an average increase in production of 74% of the average local production of Madura, east Java and national.

Keywords: degraded dry land, rice straw compost, cow dung compost, biochar of rice straw, biochar of cow dung and soil productivity.