MOTIVES FOR IRREGULAR MIGRATION FROM FERTILE HOMELANDS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF YOUNG FEMALE MIGRANTS FROM GUANGUA WOREDA, NORTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA TO THE MIDDLE EAST

Abstract

This study explores the primary motives driving females to leave their resource-rich homeland and undertake 'illegal' migration to the Middle East. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological research design, the study gathered data from participants selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Participants included female returnees, families of migrants, local elders, religious leaders, kebele administrators, and officials from relevant local and regional institutions. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, incorporating both primary and secondary sources. Despite being one of the most productive regions in the country, Guangua Woreda has seen a high rate of young female emigration, particularly among those aged 16 to 24 via irregular routes through Sudan, Djibouti, and Somaliland. Despite the painful truths we hear from origin to destination, the scale of illegal migration continues to rise. Findings indicate that insecurity, lack of employment opportunities, and the glamorization of life abroad through media are major push and pull factors. The development of a migration mindset among the youths can be taken as the root of all the factors. Migrants frequently face economic exploitation and sexual harassment both en route and at destinations. The effects of these challenges have been deeply felt, causing pervasive economic, social, and psychological trauma. The situation is further complicated upon forced return, often without any financial gains or support systems. Generally, the depth and severity of this migration pattern remain insufficiently explored, hence further researches are strongly recommended to inform interventions and policy responses.

Keywords: Females, Guangua, illicit migration, motives, Middle East

DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/77-01

Publication date: September 30^th 2026