Exploring the Socio-Economic Drivers of Youth Unemployment in the Gurage Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract

Youth unemployment remains a significant socio-economic challenge in Ethiopia, particularly in the Gurage Zone, which faces economic, educational, and gender disparities. This study investigates the factors contributing to youth unemployment in the region using a mixed-methods approach. A total of 400 youth respondents were selected through stratified random sampling, with data collected from structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Of the respondents, 46.3% were male, 53.7% female, with the majority (71.1%) aged between 25–29 years. A significant portion (56.75%) was migrants, and 73.3% were single. Education was found to be a crucial factor in employment prospects, with 47% holding a degree or higher, but skill mismatches with labor market demands hindered stable employment. Economic conditions, such as inflation and limited job creation, were perceived as major contributors to unemployment (mean = 4.12). Rural-urban migration was also seen as exacerbating unemployment, particularly for females, with 31.3% highlighting migration's impact on employment prospects (mean = 3.42). Gender disparities were significant, with females facing greater challenges in securing stable employment due to societal expectations and limited opportunities. The study emphasizes the need for gender-sensitive policies, better alignment between education and labor market needs, and improved access to financial resources. Targeted interventions in vocational training and education are crucial to addressing the youth unemployment crisis in the Gurage Zone.

Keywords: Youth Unemployment, Education, Gender Disparities, Gurage Zone, Migration, Socio-economic Factors

DOI: 10.7176/JESD/17-1-04

Publication date: January 30^th 2026