Artificial Intelligence and Public Administration in Africa: Opportunities, Ethical Challenges, and Governance Readiness

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming governance systems across the world, reshaping the way public institutions design policies, deliver services, and interact with citizens. In Africa, the adoption of AI in public administration remains at an emerging stage, yet it presents significant opportunities for improving efficiency, transparency, and decision-making processes. This study examines the role of artificial intelligence in public administration in Africa, with particular focus on governance readiness, ethical concerns, and institutional capacity in Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative research design based on secondary data drawn from academic literature, policy documents, and reports from international organizations. The findings reveal that AI has the potential to revolutionize public service delivery through automation, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making. Governments can utilize AI technologies to enhance revenue generation, improve healthcare systems, strengthen security operations, and optimize administrative processes. However, the study also identifies significant challenges associated with AI adoption in Africa, including weak digital infrastructure, limited technical expertise, data governance issues, and ethical concerns related to privacy, accountability, and algorithmic bias. The study further demonstrates that governance readiness remains a critical factor influencing the successful integration of AI into public administration systems. Without strong institutional frameworks and regulatory mechanisms, the risks associated with AI deployment may outweigh its potential benefits. The study concludes that while AI offers transformative opportunities for governance in Africa, its effective utilization requires strategic investments in infrastructure, human capacity development, and ethical governance frameworks.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Public Administration, Governance, Africa, Digital Transformation, Policy Innovation

DOI: 10.7176/JESD/17-3-05

Publication date: May 30^th 2026