History of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding as a Risk Factor of Stunting in Children Age 36-59 Months in Coastal Areas

Abstract

Objective: To determine the relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, maternal knowledge, maternal education, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status before pregnancy, and Complementary Feeding with the incidence of stunting in children aged 36 - 59 months. Method: This research was a descriptive analytic study with cross sectional approach, which was carried out for 6 months, from April to October 2019. The sample population was children aged 36-59 months, who lived with their mothers in the coastal areas of the Sitaro Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling to get 204 samples. Data collection using questionnaires by interview, secondary data in the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book, and anthropometric measurements namely height by age, for Stunting variables, and analysis of Body Mass Index for maternal Nutrition status. Data analysis using chi-square test and Fisher exact. Results: Univariate analysis results obtained by Stunting in 52 children or 25.5%. The description of risk factors analyzed were, history of exclusive breastfeeding 67.2%, low birth weight 6.9%, maternal knowledge level less 2.5%, maternal education level low 25%, maternal age during pregnancy less than 20 years there were 45.1%, status malnourished mother's nutrition before pregnancy which is not normal 30.4%; and Provision of Complementary Feeding which is not appropriate 22.5%. Bivariate test results obtained a history of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI; p = 0.000) and Complementary Feeding (95% CI; p = 0.016) have a significant relationship with the incidence of Stunting. The results of the analysis on Birth Weight, Maternal Knowledge, Maternal Education, the age of the mother during pregnancy, and the nutritional status of the mother before becoming pregnant, obtained no significant relationship with Stunting (p> 0.05). Conclusion: History of exclusive breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding as a risk Factor of Stunting.

Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, Stunting

DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/70-07

Publication date: January 31^st 2020