Impact of Climate Change on Crop Yield with Special Reference to Food Security in Ethiopia: Review Article

Abstract

This review was designed to address the impact of climate change on crop yield with special reference to food security in Ethiopia. The challenge of climate change and global warming is enormous in Ethiopia due to widespread poverty, land use change, erosion and deforestation and farm residues that underpin agricultural production and its variability will likely have a major influence on national level of food security. Future climate projections suggest that atmospheric carbon dioxide rising via agriculture 80%, temperature will increase up to 3 ^oC but the precipitation may increase or decrease depending on the location thus one said flooding other said drought, on other said relative humidity and evapotranspiration depend on temperature anomaly. Thus fluctuation of climate elements causes the crop yield reduction though direct (physical growth and development) and indirect (soil temperature and water scarcity) impact, whereas the impact of topographic and crop photosynthesis variation on crop yield becoms regular. Consequently, could reduce crop production in 2050-2100 even if diverse climate scenario, under same climate scenario the population is expected to doubled from 87.9 to 188 million in 2050.  Thus cause increment of more food to feed those people. on other hand, increase food demand. The projection of climate change affect the requirements of Food and Nutrition  hence malnourished rise from 1.5million to 2.02 million person and average person food consumption requirement decline from 2,212 kcal per day to 506 kcal per day in 2050 likewise food supply decrease..

Keywords: Climate Change, Population Growth, Crop Yield, Food Security