Theory and practice in the water sector reforms in Zimbabwe: A comparative study of Harare and Masvingo local authorities.

Abstract

This study is an analysis of the implementation of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) public policies relating to potable water supply in Zimbabwe using Harare and Masvingo local authorities as case studies. The study hypothesizes that the adoption of the IWRM policy framework in Zimbabwe was not followed by comparable implementation of the framework. The study sought to investigate the extent to which policy and institutional frameworks helped in implementing the IWRM paradigm in Harare and Masvingo, and then draw comparative lessons from the experiences of the two cases. Research methods involved both a theoretical review and an empirical study based on case studies, making use of comparative, qualitative, historical and exploratory approaches. The study established that while the framework for a perfect water management system exists in Zimbabwe, the situation on the ground does not reflect this. The reform process has not progressed as expected owing to a combination of factors ranging from conflicting policies and weak institutional linkages, to insufficient funding. The study recommends an integrated systems approach to the management of potable water supply, involvement of stakeholders in decision-making, enforcement of water laws, venturing into entrepreneurial activities and interval reviews and check-ups. It suggests that potable water supply infrastructure be improved using the business community and other stakeholders who should be mobilised with attractive incentives.

Key words: potable water, IWRM, policies, implementation, Harare, Masvingo