Zakat on Crypto Assets: A Comparative Review of Schemes and Fatwas in Indonesia and Malaysia (Case Study: MUI and MAIJ)

Abstract

The emergence of crypto assets as contemporary wealth instruments raises fundamental questions regarding their zakat obligations. This study conducts a comparative analysis of crypto asset zakat schemes and implementation based on fatwas from two major authorities: the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the Johor Islamic Religious Council (MAIJ) in Malaysia. Using a qualitative approach and comparative case study method, data were analyzed through content analysis techniques of official fatwa documents. The findings reveal that while both authorities agree on the obligatory nature of zakat for crypto assets, there are significant differences in the schemes for determining nisab and asset valuation. Implementation in Indonesia through BAZNAS has developed more structured technical schemes compared to Johor, which is still in the socialization stage. The study concludes that regulatory convergence and technological capacity building for zakat management institutions are urgent necessities

Keywords: zakat, crypto assets, fatwa, implementation, regulation

DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/16-10-05

Publication date: December 30^th 2025