Update on Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Viral Disease

Abstract

Emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are those infections, in which the incidence of humans and animal have either increased during the last two decades or threaten to increase in the near future. Among diseases emerging in the 21st century, emerging and re-

emerging Zoonotic is raising one of the greatest concerns for public health globally. This infectious diseases account for 26% of annual deaths worldwide. There is clearly a need to understand the dynamics of infectious diseases in complex multi host communities in order to mitigate disease threats to public health, livestock economies and wildlife due to emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases.  This paper was designed with the objectives to provide updated compiled information about emerging and re-emerging viral zoonotic diseases. The viruses that cause emerging and re-emerging diseases are dynamic and ever changing, able to mutate into forms that at times make them more or less virulent, transmissible, and/or resilient. They emerge and re-emerge in a world of rapid advances and ease in international travel and trade, and are carried around the globe in humans and animals.  The ability of a pathogen to infect multiple hosts, particularly hosts in other taxonomic orders or wildlife, is also a risk factors for emergence in human and livestock pathogens. Future occurrences of newly emerging and re-emerging diseases are most likely to erupt at these intensifying interfaces. It is inevitable that emergence and re-emergence will continue to occur. Thus, to reduce the impact, a robust public health infrastructure should be maintained or developed to enable rapid detection and response.

Keywords: Emerging Disease, Re-emerging Disease, Viral Diseases, Zoonosis