Challenges and Prospects of Entrepreneurship Development and Job Creation for Youth Unemployed: Evidence from Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa City Administrations, Ethiopia

Abstract

This research paper is on youth employment and entrepreneurship. It has investigated total of 3591 youths in two different geographical areas of Ethiopia, i.e., central and eastern. Entirely it has taken three specific villages: Melka Jebdu & Gedenser (Easter Ethiopia) and Wereda 10(Addis Ketema, central Ethiopia). The  core objective of the study was to assess the issues related to youth unemployment and entrepreneurship in major cities of Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. Some of the specific objectives set were to determine unemployment rate for male and female youth in the selected Kebele/Sub city, Determine the magnitude /proportion of the unemployed across population subgroups (by age group, by sex, by urbanity) and similarly Identify major bottlenecks for the female youth and male youth to start up own business in the selected two areas.As a spring board for conclusion, the following hypotheses were set: the level of female youth unemployment exceeds male youth unemployment, financial constraint is the most critical bottleneck to start up a new business in the selected sites, The youth is suffering from unfair competition and corruptive employment actions, Youth in the area lack training related to starting their own venture.As a tool of descriptive data analysis in this research paper frequency tables has been used. In addition, binary logistic regression predicting and analysis tool has been used to check the tendency of youth self-employment in the project sites.The census finding shows that youth unemployment rate is at 11.39% aggregately for the two project sites. Specifically, the project site in Addis Ababa prevails youth unemployment rate of 10.06%.Contrastly, The two sites in Dire Dawa sites: Melka Jebdu and Gedenser has youth unemployment rate of 12.87% and 20.34% consecutively. In addition, it has found that the major cause of youth not to engage in self-employed job is capital.The research has also tried to determine how unemployment is reflected gender wise. Accordingly, the aggregate data shows hypothesizing that unemployment are highly prevailed on female than male in the localities is totally false.Generally, this paper has investigated issues like: Factors affecting youth to be self-employed in overall project sites, the involvement of youth in multiple jobs(employments), it also indicates the degree of influence of various factors on youth to be self-employed  . Finally, it has provided vital policy recommendations to handle youth’s employment/unemployment issue in the project areas

Keywords: Equib, Edir, CBMS, Self-employed