Estimation of Petty Corruption in the Provision of Health Care Services: Evidence from Slum Areas of Karachi

Abstract

This paper brings to light the detail analysis of the prevalence of corruption in the Health Care Services in the slum areas of Karachi. The empirical results provide significant evidence that the residences of slum areas of Karachi in all the five districts are forced to pay bribes in order to get the basic health care facilities. However, the people living in the District Malir and District East are more exposed to corruption as compared to the other districts. Health is one of the most essential basic needs of every individual living in any society. The result shows that people with better income and education understands the importance of good health and are thus ready to pay bribes to get the health services. Moreover, in the public health care units all staff including doctors, nurses and others are actively involved in corrupt activities.

KEYWORD: Petty Corruption, Health Care Services, Slum Areas