Resource Use Efficiency in Maize Production among Small-scale Farmers in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State Nigeria

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine efficiency of resource use in Maize Production among Small-scale Farmers in Biu Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through multi-stage random sampling, where 60 respondents were sampled. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques using Gross Margin analysis and Regression Analysis. Results of the socio­economic characteristics from the data collected showed that majority of the respondents (67%) were males and only 36% were females. Majority of the respondents (75%), were youth aged between 21-40 years, while only 3% were above 50 years of age. Maize production is profitable in the study area with Gross Margin of N28, 1741.00 per ha and a Total variable Cost of N12, 001.20 per ha. Semi-log function was the lead equation chosen with R² 0.81 ie 81 % of the changes in output is attributed to changes in the independent variables. Fertilizer and quantity of seed has coefficient of 0.426 and 1.336 and significant at 5% and 1% respectively. The result also indicates that size of the farm, labour, fertilizer and seed were excessively utilized with resource efficiency level of 0.01, 0.07, 0.23 and 0.10 respectively. Major problems of the farmers in the study area include, lack of finance, high cost of inputs, transportation problem and the problems of pest and diseases. In conclusion, from the findings in the study area, maize production can be improved if resources like chemicals, labor and farm size are adequately utilized. Based on the findings, seminars or workshops should be organized to enlighten farmers on the proper use of resources and the importance of record keeping was suggested to ensure increased production,

Key words: Resource use, Profitability, Maize Production, Small-scale farmers, Borno State