The Weight of Stigma: How Attitudes Towards Disability Must Shift Toward Inclusivity

Abstract

Disability inclusion has become a central focus in education and social policy; however deeply rooted stigma and misconceptions continue to shape how individuals with disabilities are perceived and treated. Despite legal protections and advocacy efforts, negative attitudes continue to persist. As this influences educational access, social participation, and personal identity formation for people with disabilities. Understanding the origins and impact of these attitudes is critical for creating truly inclusive environments.

Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities have historically been shaped through stigmatization and exclusion. This has influenced how people with disabilities are treated in schools, society, and even how their humanity is viewed. Understanding how these perceptions develop is essential for fostering inclusive environments. This literature review examines the historical, social, and educational roots of stigma and how these attitudes influence the self-perception of individuals with disabilities. It explores how inclusion must go beyond access to educational materials. True inclusion requires a change in mindset, language, and policy. By exploring the evolution of beliefs surrounding disability, this review connects past misconceptions with present perspectives. The literature consistently emphasizes the need for continued change. These findings offer insight into how educators, policymakers, and communities can promote acceptance of all individuals.

Keywords: disability, inclusion, stigma, education, attitudes

DOI: 10.7176/JEP/17-1-15

Publication date: January 30th 2026