Does Internet Experience Influence E-Learning Adoption? A Study of Kenyan Undergraduate University Students

Abstract

E-learning adoption in Kenya’s higher education remains underexplored, particularly regarding student factors influencing its uptake. This is because of a skewed focus on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure at these institutions. This study examined the moderating role of internet experience (IXP) on the relationship between performance expectancy (PE) and e-learning adoption (ELA), encompassing both behavioural intention (BI) and actual usage behaviour (UB). By studying new undergraduate students without prior e-learning experience, the research identified key factors affecting initial adoption, readiness, and barriers. A cross-sectional survey, based on a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), collected data from 388 students using a Likert-type questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and PLS-Multi Group Analysis (MGA) revealed that IXP does not moderate PE → BI but does moderate BI → UB. Despite mixed findings, IXP remains a crucial moderating factor in e-learning adoption among undergraduate students in developing countries.

Keywords: Performance Expectancy, Behavioural Intention, Actual Use Behaviour, E-learning Adoption, Moderating Effect, Internet Experience, Higher Education, University

DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-10-04

Publication date:September 30th 2025