Vol 10, No 8 (2018)

 

Vol 10, No 9 (2018)

Table of Contents

Articles

Journal coverpage	PDF
Journal Editor

Impact of Agricultural Waste on Sustainable Environment and Health of Rural Women	PDF
Cajethan Uche Ugwuoke, Nnenna Monwuba, F. M. Onu, A. G Shimave, E. N. Okonkwo, C. C. Opurum	1-9

Community Participation on Watershed Management Programme. The Case of Gemechis District, Oromia, Ethiopia	PDF
Dejene Teressa	10-17

Determination of Compression Index and Coefficient of Permeability of the Soils	PDF
Yimam Mohammed Yimer	18-22

Overview of Existing Wastewater Management System in Case of Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia	PDF
Temesgen Mekuriaw Manderso	23-35

Assessment of the Impact of Solid Waste Disposal on the Portability of Surface Water and Groundwater Using Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kpassa, Nkwanta North District of Ghana	PDF
Emmanuel K. Magna, Augustine Donkor, Michael Dabi, Emmanuel Ansah, Eliot Kumassah, Prince Owusu	36-42

A Case for Acceleration Rather Than Extension of Time on Construction Projects in Uganda	PDF
Kenneth Ssemwogerere	43-47

Effect the Depth of Shearhead on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate Slabs	PDF
Maroua Mohammed Majeed, Aamer Najim Abbas	48-60

 

Paper submission email: CER@iiste.org

ISSN (Paper)2224-5790 ISSN (Online)2225-0514

Vol 66 (2018)

 

Vol 67 (2018)

Table of Contents

Articles

Journal coverpage	PDF
Journal Editor

Studies on Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient for Yield and Its Component Traits in Wheat “(Triticum aestivum L.em.Thell.)”	PDF
Anurag Kumar	1-6

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Juice on Sorghum Yield Production, in Case of Sirinka , North Wollo,Ethiopia	PDF
Andualem Ayalew	7-11

Effect of Temperature on Morphological, Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition Method	PDF
Tadesse Debele	12-16

Soil Macrofaunal Diversity and Biomass Across Different Land Use Systems in Wondo Genet, Ethiopia	PDF
Getachew Birhanu	17-23

Floristic Composition and Vegetation Structure of Gemehat Remnant Forests, Habru Woreda, North Eastern, Ethiopia	PDF
Andualem Ayalew	24-35

Epidemiology of Horse Git Parasitism in Gondar Town and Wegera District	PDF
Fanuel Bizuayehu	36-43

The Study of Carbon Nano-particles (CNPs) & Film Thickness & Temperature Effect on the Electrical Properties of Poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)	PDF
Nadhim .A. Abdullah, Waleed Ali Hussein, Hussein falaih Hussein	44-53

Assessment of Antimicrobial by Nanocomposite of Bacterial Cellulose Loaded with Nanoparticles Sodium Alginate and Chitosan	PDF
Ashwak Jasim, Heba Mansoor, Amal Kamel, Bushra Qasim	54-60

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts of (Thymus vulgaris) and (Cinnamomum) against fungal	PDF
Ahmed Sadoon Hassain, Hasan Kadhim Ali, Hasanain Najm Abbood	61-64

 

Paper submission email: ALST@iiste.org

ISSN (Paper)2224-7181 ISSN (Online)2225-062X

Vol 69 (2018)

 

Academic essay writing entails fashioning of coherent ideas into an argument. Essays are meant to offer a single idea at a time since they are linear in nature. It is also important to tailor your essay in a way that attends to the readers logic successfully. As we are all aware that homework in college is far much demanding than homework in high school, writing academic essays might look like pushing a hill. And to get you started, we have structured a short guide on how to start writing your own academic essays.

So, started below is a step by step guide on how to start writing your own academic essays;

Decide on the topic of discussion.

Making a good choice of the topic is very key when it comes to writing an effective academic essay. This is since the entire body and work will revolve around that topic. You might be assigned the topic to write about or given a chance to choose a topic of your choice. Decide whether you are going to write a specific or general analysis of the topic at hand. You can further narrow your focus to the main idea. Ensure if you are choosing your own topic, choose a topic that interests you and will make you produce top notch content.

Research on the topic

One is required to conduct thorough research about the topic of interest. You are required to gather all the data and information from both external and internal sources. Ensure you have collected all the data and is well sorted into categories. This might require more work if you actually choose a topic of your own since you have to begin from scratch.

Develop a good thesis.

This is always a short statement like one sentence that defines the entire main idea behind the essay. It not only helps the readers define the scope of an essay but also keeps the essay topic focused on the argument. Let the thesis define your outline. A thesis statement is made of two parts, where are the first part will state a topic and the second will state the essay

Create an outline.

This is meant to the organization and structuring an essay in a proper manner. It is meant to summarize and organize content logically. The outline is made up of the body, introduction and conclusion. At this point, you are required to put your ideas on paper. You should be able to see the logic between these ideas. The outline serves as the foundation for writing any successful essay.

• Introduction

An introduction entails an introduction of the reader to the main points of the essay.  It is meant to identify a topic of discussion, evoke and motivate an audience to go on reading an entire script. It should be able to grab the reader’s attention. You can begin with a summary of the topic at hand, a quote or a statistic depending with whichever you choose as long as it goes hand in hand with thesis statement which usually appears at the end of the introduction.

• Body

The body is the flesh of the essay. In the body paragraphs, ensure the main points are presented in a logical manner. Provide support details for the points discussion. The body of an essay is what argues, describes and explains the topic at hand.  All body paragraphs representing your ideas should be of the same structure. Every single main idea should also be presented in a separate paragraph. The structure of your paragraph should begin with the main idea and further followed by supporting sentences and lastly the evidence to support your ideas and link them together.

• Conclusion

In conclusion is where an individual summarizes all the major points stated in the paragraphs and further present a concluding statement and lastly a call to action is made. The conclusion is what closes the topic under discussion. The conclusion is always made up of five or three sentences that are very strong. The main thing to do is to review your ideas and reinforce them to make a conclusion.

Draft a rough copy

Making a rough draft will enable you to write a clear essay. You are not required to rush things in this case. Actually, this will determine how you understand the connections between ideas and probably make you see how they should flow.

• Proofread the rough copy.

Read through the entire draft

and correct the mistakes that might be in the draft. You can also remove the parts that. Ugh be unnecessary.

• Write your essay.

Once all the above points and steps have been followed to the later, you are now ready to write your essay.

To conclude, after finishing with your conclusion, pay attention to the small details. Ensure that you started with your strongest point and ended with a strong point as well. Also ensure that your paragraphs make sense and follow a certain chronological order of events.  The bottom line is that writing academic essays might be very demanding and you might need thesis assistance  to help you handle your thesis workload as you work on other assignments to beat the datelines.

 

 

Education is a necessary key in life for any human who has high goals to achieve during the lifetime for a fulfilled professional and personal life. Continuous self-improvement and amazing career opportunities which will ensure a happy life with numerous benefits can only be achieved by studying. Choosing a top college to continue your studies after high-school has a great importance when it comes to the high quality of the studies which you are going to receive from professionals who have a large baggage of knowledge, ready to share with you all the information and the experiences they have. First of all, you need to be aware of the fact that the top colleges have the most prepared professors which means that you will receive a high-quality education from people who are the best when it comes to the subject they teach. Secondly, having a degree from one of the Ivy league schools will open for you numerous doors in life which can take you to a fast ascension to the top.  

The benefits of having college studies

After high-school when they come out of the obligatory studying system, many teenagers are not aware of the fact that college studies are a must for a successful future. You need to be aware that when you are choosing whether to go to college or not, your future is going to be whether negatively or positively influenced by your decision. Having a higher education has numerous benefits which will ensure a brighter future for your future career such as greater job security, better job opportunities,  better living situation, and increased salary potential and it will also influence your personal life in a way in which you will have a larger social network with high-quality people who can help you develop continuously, a positive influence on your kids and future generations, and you will have the necessary knowledge and skills to choose a good partner with whom you can successfully build your life together.

 

Ivy league schools are the top colleges that every future student is eager to be accepted to and get a high-quality education which will help them design a bright path for their future. However, being accepted by the admission officers of one of the Ivy league schools is a difficult task since you have to prove that you deserve and have all the necessary strong points to study there. So, in order to make sure that you are going to receive a positive answer for your study application, you need to prepare accordingly to satisfy all the requirements.

Do research

Before you start your preparations for applying to study to one of the top colleges, you need to do a rigorous research about them. First of all, doing research has a great importance in order to choose the most suitable college for you which you would enjoy and feel motivated to study at. Secondly, each college has its own special requirements for its students which means that you need to know whether you are suitable and have real chances to be accepted to the college you wish to study at.

Start preparing early in time

It is not an unknown fact that the Ivy league schools are desired by numerous teenagers because of their fame and the benefits that a degree from them brings with it. Which means that there are going to be many competitors for you to overcome to get the opportunity to study at one of the top colleges. Starting to prepare early in time before you apply for a scholarship is a must if you wish to be sure that you are going to be accepted.

Do extracurricular study

The education system before college is meant to educate the students with the most necessary and basic skills and knowledge which everyone should know. However, if you are planning to get higher education at one of the top colleges, you need to make sure you do not rely only on the knowledge and skills which you got from the public education system. When preparing to apply for one of the Ivy league schools you need to focus considerably ion self-improvement by studying at home, taking private lessons or to participate in workshops and training programs with professional speakers in order to build the relevant skills and gain the necessary knowledge which will make you a suitable student for one of the top colleges. Skills such as time management, leadership, teamwork, discipline, communication, and creativity are the most common skills required for a high-quality student to have. Also, when planning to start taking private lessons with a professor who can help you work on your weak points, make sure you do a background check of him or her to see all the personal details, professional affiliations, results of other students who have taken lessons with him or her, and even court records. Checking all the details about the professor will help you find the most suitable and prepared one to educate you.

Get good grades

As I have told you before, preparing to study at a top college means years of preparations. Which means that you also have to get good grades when you are still in the public education system so that the admission officers can see that you have been a hardworking and intelligent student who has been focusing on a bright academic preparation for a long time and has achieved already a large baggage of knowledge.

Do not be mediocre

In order to be accepted to one of the Ivy league schools, you need to be aware of the fact that the top colleges are extremely selective with the students they accept because they want to make sure they prepare brilliant students who will have a bright future. When preparing your essay for your application, keep in mind that the essay is the only way the admission officer is able to see your personality. Make sure you write a creative and authentic essay where you should draw attention to all your strengths which qualify you to be a student of their top college.  

So, you’ve decided you should get a VPN service. Next step is to select the provider. But you can’t just stick to the first one you find if you want a reliable and suitable solution. It’s crucial to understand your needs and expectations before even starting looking for the VPN. To get this understanding, you should ask yourself a few questions that will help you realize what you need.

Do you need to protect the access to your home network only?

Then you need a VPN server that will run on the router or some other device (personal computer, for example. The best option, of course, is a VPN server running on the router. Some routers have a pre-installed VPN, so you don’t have to worry about setting up things. But if your device is not that upgraded, you can install and configure a VPN solution yourself. It is quite easy to execute. Also, every provider that offers protection on the router level will give you detailed instruction and guide you through the process if needed.

Do you use Wi-Fi networks in public places frequently?

Most Internet users don’t bother themselves with the data protection issues when using Wi-Fi in a cafe or an airport. But you will never know if you are safe. Hackers can get to user data through a router with an outdated firmware or a malicious code. So just surfing the Internet in your hotel room you are exposed to potential threats. Even the password doesn’t guarantee that the public network is secure.

For such situations, there is no need for some powerful VPN service that has a massive bandwidth. You only need to protect your casual actions like simple browsing or interacting with emails. So you will be fine with some basic VPN that you will use from time to time. There are plenty of free options, but you can also pick a paid one if you use public networks a lot.

Do you need to seem like you’re in another country?

If you need to shift your location to access certain websites or content that are not available in your region, you should look for a geo-shift feature choosing a VPN service. Check what countries does the provider have servers in, and if the software is compatible with the streaming services you use. Most VPNs won’t work with Netflix, for instance. It is true even for top providers, as, say, any PureVPN review will tell you this VPN service is not the best choice for Netflix fans. So take a careful look at these specific nuances when picking a provider. As if you need a VPN to watch your favorite show on Netflix and the VPN you have is not compatible with it, it will be pretty much useless.

Do you need to stay anonymous?

Maybe you want to keep your activities private. Or perhaps you want to get some free content using BitTorrent. For these needs, a simple basic VPN wouldn’t work. You need a provider that won’t log your activity and has a lot of customers. The larger its audience is, the more difficult it is to isolate one user from others.

Surely, changing your location with a VPN helps. It is not the perfect solution, but it works. Also, you should find out in which country the service is based. Most users are trying to avoid providers based in the US thinking that the government forces VPN services to log their clients’ activity and share it. But there is no such requirement.

Understanding your needs, you will know what kind of VPN you should pick. It is better to lay out a plan first, and only then search for a solution.

 

It’s not a secret that the sciences exist because there are questions in the community that need answers. How can pneumonia be avoided? How to make cars more efficient? How to move on from a failed marriage? How to appear and be treated as a professional in a corporate setting? The results of any scientific pursuit will directly or indirectly impact the community.

To pursue answers in any topic of interest, academics and scientists rely on the time-tested scientific method. After they ask their most crucial questions, they review the existing literature on the topic; the answers might already be there. They talk to those who delved in the topic before them just to get valuable insights and direction. Eventually, they settle on a particular way of attacking the issue, and they mine their answers from there.

Universities and other academic institutions often hold conferences so that researchers can converge to share what they have uncovered. Sharing is rightfully a normal thing in the scientific community. After all, an idea that’s left unshared is useless. It can never be refined nor transformed into something more understandable and useful.

Conferences will become a more useful platform for exchanging ideas if they do not limit their attendants to scholars from a specific school of thought only. Read on to know why.

A Multi-Perspectival Conference Significantly Expands Horizons

We know that there a million ways to solve any specific problem. But we are human, and there are limits to our capacities and attention. As a result, we settle for a carefully chosen method.  While this is not necessarily bad, it’s very limiting as the chosen path may not be applicable to others. Whether we admit it or not, we are bound by our circumstance, and our contexts often are strong determinants of behavior. Those in situations that differ from ours might have other means of achieving things.

Hence, inviting scholars who espouse other perspectives and completely different trains of thought will effectively expand the list of solutions to a problem. Consequently, the conference and the insights gained from it will appear more appealing to a much wider audience.

Take the study of car accidents as an example. If only engineers converge to talk about how vehicles can be made safer, the conference will surely miss out on one of the most important aspects: humans. The issue needs social scientists, especially if the goal is to develop accident prevention measures and other car accident resources that the community understands and utilizes. A seasoned car accident lawyer can also be called on for their inputs on policy application and how the legal community, in general, is responding to new knowledge.

Exchanges with scholars from other schools of thoughts lead to professional growth

The scientific stance that we espouse, while practical and valid, will have its own set of blind spots. In psychology, for example, there are scholars who subscribe to behaviorism. Basically, they believe that behavioral repetition is actually a function of whether or not the behavior is punished or reinforced. A behavior that’s reinforced gets repeated. A behavior that’s punished will be suppressed.

However, this particular perspective cannot explain why people still persist even if they are in pain. It also falls short in explaining why people exhibit different behaviors in different contexts. These are dilemmas confronted and given convincing answers by those from the cognitive side of psychology.

Simply put, human behavior is a multi-faceted thing. It can be predicted by one perspective, but such a perspective will never be enough to fully explain it. Hence, any advocate of science should learn how to open themselves to other views not only to develop more practical ideas but also to enrich themselves as professionals.

Although writing an academic paper is a tedious process and one single guide cannot be the exhaustive, some general tips do remain the same in whatever approach you choose to prepare an impeccable and immaculate academic paper.

We will sum up this general advice. However, if you have stumbled upon this guide because you have delayed the submission of your academic paper, spent the last few days sending panicky ‘Help Write my Paper’ texts to your friends and want to find magical answers here, you’d better choose a professional paper writing service to help you out just this once.

In this post, we will give you some versatile tips to assist you in writing a quality academic paper, whatever your subject is.

 

• Write about something that genuinely interests you

 

If you have the flexibility of selecting your own topic within your academic field, then you are in luck as you can choose one that interests you the most. Take your time to choose it carefully and do not forget that your paper must not only highlight the existing problems, but also suggest some possible solutions. Therefore, it must not be something that is more fun to write about, but rather something you care about the most.

 

• Read before you write

 

Do not rush into the writing part immediately after selecting a topic. Give the considerable amount of time to reading the recommended sources and gathering as much information as you can. Have a discussion with your supervisor on the topic that you have chosen to gain some useful insights.

• Document the information that you have

Write down all the pieces of information that you have in the form of a rough draft. Organize your information in order of its importance and relevance to the focus topic. You can write the key points on post-its for easier rearrangement and visual hierarchy. Keep crucial information at the top to make sure that you will include all the essential stuff in your final draft.

• Prepare an outline for yourself

Just like an architect prepares a blueprint of the building’s architecture before giving a green light to the construction, you should consider yourself an architect of your academic paper and prepare a proper outline for yourself highlighting the key points that must be included and the main point at which you must arrive at the end.

 

• Introduction and conclusion are the musts

 

The introduction and conclusion sections may seem secondary in importance, yet they are crucial as they state the reason why your paper exists in the first place: what is the problem and what is the solution.

A proper introduction must include some background information about your topic and explain the focus of your academic paper. The purpose of writing the academic paper must be highlighted in the introduction. A good conclusion always sums up your points and details their importance. Moreover, you can also point out a part of the topic that requires more research. Still, the most important thing is that the conclusion and the introduction must be related to each other as a question and an answer.

 

• Final revision is vital

 

A final revision of your academic paper is essential. Take this opportunity to check your sentence structure, punctuation, spelling, and, last but not least, the flow and sequence of your academic paper.

Conclusion

We hope that the tips we have condensed here will come in handy in preparing your academic paper. In fact, any kind of writing will benefit from this balanced and organized approach.